@font-face {
  font-family: "Inter Research";
  src: url("/static/fonts/InterVariable.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-display: swap;
}

:root {
  --infinide-research-css-ready: 1;
}

/* Open-source editorial sans with a quieter rhythm for long-form dark reading. */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Geist";
  src: url("/static/fonts/GeistVariable.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-display: swap;
}

.researchDocument {
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.researchLibraryBody {
  min-height: 100%;
  overflow: visible;
  background: #020609;
  color: #f3f7f7;
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

.researchPage {
  --research-content-left: calc(clamp(40px, 6vw, 96px) + clamp(56px, 5.2vw, 72px) + clamp(34px, 4vw, 64px));
  position: relative;
  min-height: 100svh;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #090d11 0, #020609 34rem, #020609 100%);
}

.researchArticlePage {
  overflow-x: clip;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 64% 48% at 88% 5%, rgba(82, 181, 205, 0.075), transparent 72%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 40% 38% at 38% 10%, rgba(70, 164, 193, 0.025), transparent 76%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #050c11 0, #020609 34rem, #020609 100%);
}

.researchPage {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 220ms ease;
}

.research-critical-ready .researchPage {
  opacity: 1;
}

.featuredVisual img,
.researchThumbnail img,
.articleHeaderThumbnail,
.articleFigure img,
.researchInfinityCanvas {
  opacity: 0;
}

.featuredVisual img.researchMediaReady,
.researchThumbnail img.researchMediaReady,
.articleHeaderThumbnail.researchMediaReady,
.articleFigure img.researchMediaReady,
.research-animation-ready .researchInfinityCanvas {
  opacity: 1;
}

.featuredVisual img,
.researchThumbnail img,
.articleHeaderThumbnail,
.articleFigure img {
  transition: opacity 260ms ease, filter 500ms ease;
}

.researchInfinityCanvas {
  transition: opacity 320ms ease;
}

.articleGeometryCanvas {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 72px;
  right: -13vw;
  left: auto;
  width: min(92vw, 1050px);
  height: 880px;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 30%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.76) 58%, transparent 82%);
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 30%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.76) 58%, transparent 82%);
  transition: opacity 420ms ease;
}

.research-animation-ready .articleGeometryCanvas { opacity: 0.78; }

.articleBarParticleCanvas {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 108px;
  right: -112px;
  width: min(46vw, 620px);
  height: 720px;
  visibility: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  background: transparent;
  pointer-events: none;
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 36%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84) 62%, transparent 88%);
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #000 36%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84) 62%, transparent 88%);
  transition: opacity 360ms ease;
}

.research-critical-ready .articleBarParticleCanvas.particleFrameReady {
  visibility: visible;
  opacity: 0.72;
}

.researchIndexPage .researchPage {
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 76% 82% at 110% 16%, rgba(48, 187, 218, 0.3) 0%, rgba(20, 105, 139, 0.15) 46%, transparent 74%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 58% 62% at 76% -14%, rgba(35, 105, 170, 0.25) 0%, rgba(17, 61, 101, 0.12) 48%, transparent 76%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 46% 48% at 66% 30%, rgba(52, 164, 192, 0.09) 0%, rgba(25, 88, 113, 0.04) 48%, transparent 76%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 52% 50% at 106% 58%, rgba(39, 154, 187, 0.11) 0%, transparent 76%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #07141b 0%, #031016 56%, #020609 100%);
}

.researchIndexPage .researchPage::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  inset: -8%;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 62% 54% at 91% 17%, rgba(63, 198, 222, 0.1) 0%, rgba(25, 103, 134, 0.045) 48%, transparent 76%);
  opacity: 0.9;
  filter: blur(24px);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.researchIndexPage .researchPage::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 62% at 76% 46%, transparent 22%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.05) 60%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.3) 100%),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.8) 0%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.48) 29%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.05) 54%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.04) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.18) 0%, transparent 26%, transparent 65%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.62) 91%, #020609 100%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.researchIndexBackdrop {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: -190px;
  left: calc(-1 * var(--research-content-left));
  width: 100vw;
  height: calc(100% + 190px);
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.researchInfinityCanvas {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  opacity: 0;
}

.researchIndexBackdrop::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 39% 46%, rgba(205, 73, 77, 0.052), transparent 35%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 63% 46%, rgba(70, 184, 214, 0.065), transparent 38%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 46%, transparent 14%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.055) 50%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.38) 100%),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.62) 0%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.16) 34%, transparent 64%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.12) 0%, transparent 46%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.66) 84%, #020609 100%);
  content: "";
}

.researchPage .siteHeader,
.researchPage .topActions {
  position: absolute;
}

.researchToggleGroup {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.researchThemeToggle {
  --theme-thumb-shift: 53px;
  --theme-thumb-width: 53px;
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  width: 112px;
  height: 40px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 3px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(247, 250, 250, 0.18);
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  color: rgba(247, 250, 250, 0.72);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  line-height: 1;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  filter: blur(3px);
  pointer-events: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.researchThemeToggle::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 3px;
  left: 3px;
  width: var(--theme-thumb-width);
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #f7fafa;
  content: "";
  transform: translateX(0);
  transition: transform 240ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), background-color 220ms ease;
}

.researchThemeToggle span {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  transition: color 180ms ease;
}

.researchThemeToggle[aria-pressed="false"] span:first-child {
  color: #071115;
}

.researchThemeToggle[aria-pressed="true"]::before {
  background: #10191d;
  transform: translateX(var(--theme-thumb-shift));
}

.researchThemeToggle[aria-pressed="true"] span:first-child {
  color: rgba(18, 29, 34, 0.58);
}

.researchThemeToggle[aria-pressed="true"] span:last-child {
  color: #f7fafa;
}

.research-theme-control-ready .researchThemeToggle {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
  filter: none;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transition:
    opacity 360ms ease 100ms,
    transform 420ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 100ms,
    filter 360ms ease 100ms,
    background-color 220ms ease;
}

.researchThemeToggle:hover {
  background: rgba(247, 250, 250, 0.25);
}

.researchThemeToggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 1px solid rgba(140, 224, 239, 0.84);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .researchThemeToggle,
  .researchThemeToggle::before,
  .researchThemeToggle span,
  .research-theme-control-ready .researchThemeToggle {
    transition-duration: 0.01ms;
    transition-delay: 0ms;
  }
}

.researchArticlePage::before {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 4;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 150px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.98) 0%,
    rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.9) 30%,
    rgba(4, 14, 19, 0.72) 58%,
    rgba(6, 21, 27, 0.38) 78%,
    rgba(6, 21, 27, 0) 100%
  );
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  content: "";
  transition: visibility 0s linear 220ms, opacity 220ms ease;
}

.readingHeaderBackdrop {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 4;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 150px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.98) 0%,
    rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.9) 30%,
    rgba(4, 14, 19, 0.72) 58%,
    rgba(6, 21, 27, 0.38) 78%,
    rgba(6, 21, 27, 0) 100%
  );
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: visibility 0s linear 220ms, opacity 220ms ease;
}

.researchPage .readingSiteHeader,
.researchPage .readingTopActions {
  position: fixed !important;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: visibility 0s linear 220ms, opacity 220ms ease, transform 220ms ease;
}

.researchPage.researchArticlePage.articleReadingActive::before,
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingSiteHeader,
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingTopActions,
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingHeaderBackdrop {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition-delay: 0s;
}

.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingSiteHeader,
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingTopActions {
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.readingProgress {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 7;
  top: 40px;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #2d9db8 0%, #70ccde 55%, #d4f7fa 100%);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: scaleX(var(--reading-progress, 0));
  transform-origin: left center;
  transition: opacity 220ms ease;
}
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .readingProgress { opacity: 0.82; }

.researchPage .primaryNav a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.researchShell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 1180px;
  margin-right: clamp(40px, 6vw, 96px);
  margin-left: var(--research-content-left);
  padding: 190px 0 96px;
}

.researchEyebrow,
.articleKicker,
.researchMeta,
.articleMeta,
.articleBreadcrumbs {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.researchEyebrow,
.articleKicker {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: rgba(229, 87, 89, 0.92);
}

.researchHero {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  max-width: none;
  min-height: 350px;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.88fr) minmax(420px, 1.12fr);
  gap: clamp(34px, 4vw, 68px);
  align-items: center;
  padding-bottom: 72px;
}

.researchHero > :not(.researchIndexBackdrop) {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.researchHeroCopy {
  z-index: 2;
  min-width: 0;
}

.researchSignalField {
  position: relative;
  width: calc(100% + clamp(24px, 4vw, 64px));
  height: clamp(270px, 28vw, 350px);
  margin-right: calc(-1 * clamp(24px, 4vw, 64px));
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 98% 92% at 50% 50%, #000 38%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.94) 68%, transparent 100%);
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 98% 92% at 50% 50%, #000 38%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.94) 68%, transparent 100%);
}

.researchSignalFieldCanvas {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  visibility: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  background: transparent;
  transition: opacity 420ms ease;
}

.research-critical-ready .researchSignalFieldCanvas.particleFrameReady {
  visibility: visible;
  opacity: 1;
}

.researchSignalField.is-fallback {
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(174deg, transparent 0 21px, rgba(226, 228, 229, 0.06) 22px, transparent 23px),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(242, 137, 142, 0.12), rgba(242, 137, 142, 0.028) 48%, rgba(224, 233, 235, 0.08) 58%, transparent 100%);
}

.researchHero h1,
.articleHeader h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 6.8rem);
  line-height: 0.94;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.researchLead,
.articleDeck {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.72);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.7vw, 1.35rem);
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.researchLead {
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.45vw, 1.2rem);
}

.featuredResearch {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(440px, 1.1fr);
  min-height: 480px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(171, 218, 227, 0.22);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(171, 218, 227, 0.22);
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.featuredMetaMobile {
  display: none;
}

.featuredVisual {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  align-self: center;
  border-radius: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.featuredVisual img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: none;
  transition: opacity 260ms ease;
}

.featuredVisual::after {
  display: none;
}

.featuredCopy {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 64px);
}

.featuredCopy h2,
.researchItem h2 {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 3rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.featuredCopy p,
.researchItem p {
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.66);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.featuredCopy > p:not(.researchMeta) {
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.readResearch {
  margin-top: 26px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.researchAuthor {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.72);
  font-size: 0.69rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.researchAuthor img {
  width: 21px;
  height: 21px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.researchAuthor > :last-child::before {
  margin: 0 10px 0 1px;
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.32);
  content: "·";
}

.featuredResearch:hover img,
.featuredResearch:focus-visible img {
  filter: none;
}

.researchIndex {
  margin-top: 88px;
}

.researchIndexHeader {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(171, 218, 227, 0.22);
}

.researchIndexHeader h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.7rem;
}

.researchList {
  display: grid;
}

.researchItem {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 38px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(171, 218, 227, 0.14);
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.researchThumbnail {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: #071116;
}

.researchThumbnail img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: none;
  transition: opacity 260ms ease;
}

.researchThumbnailThreat img { object-position: 74% center; }
.researchThumbnailArchitecture img { object-position: 28% center; }

.researchItemPlaceholder {
  cursor: default;
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.62);
}

.researchPlaceholderThumbnail {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.09), rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.025)),
    #111517;
}

.researchItemPlaceholder h2,
.researchItemPlaceholder p {
  color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.48);
}

.researchItemPlaceholder p {
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.researchItem h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.5vw, 2.35rem);
}

.researchItem p { margin: 14px 0 0; }
.researchItemMuted { opacity: 0.48; cursor: default; }

.articleShell {
  --article-footer-top-space: 32px;
  --article-footer-line-size: clamp(0.65rem, 0.7vw, 0.75rem);
  --article-page-bottom-space: 96px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin-right: clamp(40px, 6vw, 96px);
  margin-left: var(--research-content-left);
  padding: 170px 0 var(--article-page-bottom-space);
}

.articleShell > :not(.articleGeometryCanvas):not(.articleBarParticleCanvas):not(.articleBottomField) { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

.articleBreadcrumbs { margin-bottom: 80px; color: rgba(116, 207, 224, 0.94); }
.articleBreadcrumbs a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.articleBreadcrumbs span { padding: 0 10px; }
.articleHeader { max-width: 980px; }
.articleHeader h1 {
  max-width: 780px;
  font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 6.3vw, 6rem);
}
.articleHeader .researchAuthor {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.articleHeader .researchAuthor img { margin-right: 4px; }
.articleMeta { display: flex; gap: 24px; margin-top: 36px; color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.52); }

.articleRule {
  height: 1px;
  margin: 48px 0 0;
  background: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.2);
}

.articleLayout {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 660px) minmax(260px, 290px);
  column-gap: clamp(40px, 4vw, 64px);
  row-gap: 0;
  justify-content: start;
  margin: 0 -32px;
  padding: clamp(82px, 6vw, 96px) 32px clamp(32px, 3vw, 48px) 48px;
}

.articleLayout::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: calc(
    0px - var(--article-footer-top-space) - var(--article-footer-line-size) - var(--article-page-bottom-space)
  );
  left: calc(32px - var(--research-content-left));
  width: 100vw;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(14, 18, 21, 0) 0,
    rgba(14, 18, 21, 0.34) 112px,
    rgba(14, 18, 21, 0.76) 232px,
    #0e1215 360px
  );
  box-shadow: none;
  pointer-events: none;
  content: "";
}

.articleLayout::after {
  display: none;
}

.articleContentColumn {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.articleToc {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 32px;
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  align-self: start;
  max-height: calc(100svh - 64px);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  transition: top 200ms ease, max-height 200ms ease;
}
.researchPage.articleReadingActive .articleToc { top: 142px; max-height: calc(100svh - 166px); }
.articleToc p { margin: 0 0 18px; color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.7); }
.articleToc .articleTocTitle {
  color: #f5f7f8;
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.articleToc a { position: relative; isolation: isolate; display: block; margin-top: 12px; padding-left: 14px; color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.7); font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.925rem; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32; letter-spacing: -0.012em; line-height: 1.38; text-decoration: none; transition: color 180ms ease, text-shadow 180ms ease; }
.articleToc a.articleTocSubsection {
  margin-top: 8px;
  padding-left: 28px;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.articleToc a.articleTocSubsection::before { left: 14px; }
.articleToc a.articleTocTertiary {
  margin-top: 7px;
  padding-left: 40px;
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.6);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}
.articleToc a.articleTocTertiary::before { left: 26px; }
.articleToc a::before { position: absolute; top: 0.15em; bottom: 0.15em; left: 0; width: 2px; background: rgba(160, 225, 239, 0); content: ""; transition: background 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease; }
.articleToc a::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: -6px -10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(137, 201, 216, 0.08);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(95, 181, 207, 0.1), rgba(95, 181, 207, 0.025));
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025), 0 5px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  opacity: 0;
  content: "";
  transition: opacity 180ms ease;
}
.articleToc a:hover,
.articleToc a:focus-visible { color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.9); }
.articleToc a[aria-current="location"] {
  color: #f3f5f6;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-shadow: none;
  transform: none;
}
.articleToc a[aria-current="location"]::before {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #2d9db8 0%, #70ccde 52%, #d4f7fa 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(91, 199, 221, 0.16);
}
.articleToc a[aria-current="location"]::after { opacity: 0; }

.articleBody {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: 37px;
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.85);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.0125rem + 0.16vw, 1.15rem);
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  line-height: 1.55;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.articleBody::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: rgba(160, 222, 233, 0.26);
  content: "";
}

.articleSummary {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 0 48px;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: clamp(38px, 4.5vw, 50px) clamp(30px, 5vw, 48px) clamp(34px, 4vw, 44px);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 72% 48% at -8% -10%, rgba(69, 170, 218, 0.5), transparent 64%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 62% 54% at 106% 110%, rgba(69, 165, 211, 0.46), transparent 68%),
    linear-gradient(142deg, #101a27 0%, #05090d 46%, #070c13 68%, #101b2d 100%);
  box-shadow:
    0 24px 54px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24),
    inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(173, 226, 237, 0.08);
  color: rgba(242, 246, 247, 0.9);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 0.985rem + 0.12vw, 1.1rem);
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}
.articleSummaryLabel {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(199, 228, 234, 0.2);
  color: rgba(245, 249, 250, 0.96);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
}
.articleSummaryLabel img {
  width: 30px;
  height: 15px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.articleSummary ul {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  counter-reset: summary-item;
  list-style: none;
}
.articleSummary li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 36px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 15px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(199, 228, 234, 0.12);
  line-height: 1.52;
  counter-increment: summary-item;
}
.articleSummary li::before {
  padding-top: 0.17em;
  color: rgba(121, 204, 222, 0.88);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  content: counter(summary-item, decimal-leading-zero);
}
.articleSummary li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.articleAuthorNote {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: 20px;
  margin: 64px 0 32px;
  padding: 8px 4px;
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.72);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.articleAuthorNote::before {
  display: none;
}
.articleAuthorNote p { margin: 0; }
.articleAuthorNoteAvatar {
  display: block;
  width: 112px;
  height: 112px;
  border-radius: 0;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.articleAuthorNoteDetails { min-width: 0; }
.articleAuthorNoteName {
  margin-bottom: 7px !important;
  color: rgba(242, 247, 248, 0.96);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 680;
  letter-spacing: 0.015em;
}
.articleAuthorNoteCopy {
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.72);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.articleAuthorNote + .articleAiDisclaimer { margin-top: 0; }
.articleAiDisclaimer {
  position: relative;
  margin: 64px 0 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 22px 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(164, 210, 222, 0.15);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 0 100%, rgba(210, 67, 68, 0.07), transparent 34%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(91, 191, 214, 0.075), transparent 38%),
    linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(18, 25, 29, 0.9), rgba(7, 12, 15, 0.92));
  box-shadow:
    0 14px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.045),
    inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(95, 188, 210, 0.035);
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.72);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.articleAiDisclaimer p { position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 0; }
.articleAiDisclaimer p:not(.articleAiDisclaimerLabel) {
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}
.articleAiDisclaimerLabel {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-bottom: 8px !important;
  color: rgba(218, 234, 238, 0.9);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}
.articleAiDisclaimerLabel::before {
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d95755, #edf1f2 52%, #72bfd2);
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(105, 193, 214, 0.14);
  content: "";
}
.articleSocialFollow {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 22px 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(164, 210, 222, 0.16);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 90% 120%, rgba(99, 199, 220, 0.1), transparent 38%),
    radial-gradient(circle at -5% -15%, rgba(213, 71, 68, 0.075), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(14, 22, 27, 0.96), rgba(6, 11, 14, 0.96));
  box-shadow:
    0 14px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05),
    inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(95, 188, 210, 0.04);
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.76);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.articleSocialFollowText { position: relative; z-index: 1; min-width: 0; }
.articleSocialFollowLabel {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  color: rgba(226, 240, 243, 0.94);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}
.articleSocialFollowCopy {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-weight: 410;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.articleSocialLinks {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  gap: 8px;
}
.articleSocialLink,
.articleSocialLink:visited {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 38px;
  padding: 0 13px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(213, 230, 234, 0.16);
  background: rgba(237, 242, 243, 0.055);
  color: rgba(244, 247, 248, 0.92);
  font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 160ms ease, background-color 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}
.articleSocialLink img { width: 14px; height: 14px; object-fit: contain; }
.articleSocialLink:hover,
.articleSocialLink:focus-visible {
  border-color: rgba(161, 221, 233, 0.36);
  background: rgba(133, 211, 226, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.articleSocialLink:focus-visible { outline: 1px solid rgba(176, 228, 239, 0.7); outline-offset: 3px; }
.researchSocialFollow { margin-top: 64px; }
.articleBody p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
.articleBody ul,
.articleBody ol {
  margin: 0 0 1.35em;
  padding-left: 1.35em;
}
.articleBody li { padding-left: 0.2em; text-wrap: wrap; }
.articleBody li + li { margin-top: 0.65em; }
.articleBody li::marker { color: rgba(196, 240, 248, 0.78); }
.articleBody ol > li::marker {
  color: rgba(196, 240, 248, 0.78);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.82em;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.articleBody a,
.articleBody a:visited {
  color: rgba(176, 228, 239, 0.92);
  text-decoration-color: rgba(176, 228, 239, 0.38);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  transition: color 160ms ease, text-decoration-color 160ms ease;
}
.articleBody a:hover,
.articleBody a:focus-visible {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
}
.articleBody a:focus-visible {
  outline: 1px solid rgba(176, 228, 239, 0.72);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.articleBody h1 {
  margin: 1.75em 0 0.7em;
  color: #f2f3f4;
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 1.65rem + 0.9vw, 2.45rem);
  font-weight: 590;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  scroll-margin-top: 144px;
}
.articleBody h1::before {
  display: block;
  width: 64px;
  height: 3px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #319bb5 0%, #7bd5e5 56%, #d6f8fb 100%);
  content: "";
}
.articleBody h2 {
  margin: 1.9em 0 0.65em;
  color: #edeef0;
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.14rem + 0.28vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  scroll-margin-top: 144px;
}
.articleBody h2::before {
  display: none;
}
.articleBody h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.articleBody h1:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.articleBody h3 {
  margin: 1.65em 0 0.55em;
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.9);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.02rem + 0.16vw, 1.18rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  scroll-margin-top: 144px;
}
.articleBody h3::before { display: none; }
.articleBody code,
.articleSummary code {
  padding: 0.12em 0.34em;
  border: 1px solid rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.13);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.09);
  color: #d9f1f5;
  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  box-decoration-break: clone;
  -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone;
}
.articleEmbed {
  margin: 32px 0 44px;
}
.articleEmbed iframe {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  border: 0;
  background: #070a0c;
}
.articleEmbed figcaption {
  max-width: 92%;
  margin: 13px auto 0;
  color: rgba(219, 225, 227, 0.62);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: center;
}
.articleFigure {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin: 32px 0 44px;
}
.articleFigureMedia {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  display: block;
  width: min(var(--article-figure-target, 100%), var(--article-figure-natural-width, 100%));
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: min(72svh, 720px);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(151, 216, 229, 0.1);
  background: #101416;
  box-shadow:
    0 18px 48px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),
    inset 0 0 44px rgba(73, 185, 210, 0.035);
}
.articleFigureMedia::before,
.articleFigureMedia::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  content: "";
}
.articleFigureMedia::before {
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 70% 18%, rgba(92, 199, 222, 0.11), transparent 46%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(67, 173, 199, 0.055), transparent 42%);
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
}
.articleFigureMedia::after {
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 94% 88% at 50% 46%, transparent 58%, rgba(16, 20, 22, 0.5) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(16, 20, 22, 0.12) 0%, transparent 15%, transparent 76%, rgba(16, 20, 22, 0.72) 100%);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 32px rgba(5, 10, 12, 0.18);
}
.articleFigureMediaDiagram::before {
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 56% 35%, rgba(92, 199, 222, 0.045), transparent 58%);
}
.articleFigureMediaDiagram::after {
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 99% 96% at 50% 49%, transparent 78%, rgba(16, 20, 22, 0.16) 100%);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.articleFigure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: min(72svh, 720px);
  height: auto;
  margin-inline: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #101416;
  filter: saturate(0.92) contrast(1.02);
}
.articleFigureMediaDiagram img {
  filter: none;
}
.articleFigure figcaption {
  position: relative;
  align-self: stretch;
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding-left: 14px;
  color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.56);
  font-family: "Geist", "Inter Research", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 32;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-align: left;
}
.articleFigure figcaption::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.12em;
  bottom: 0.12em;
  left: 0;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #2d9db8 0%, #70ccde 52%, #d4f7fa 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 7px rgba(98, 185, 204, 0.16);
  content: "";
}
.articleCallout { margin: 40px 0; padding: 24px 28px; border-left: 2px solid rgba(160, 225, 239, 0.72); background: rgba(160, 225, 239, 0.06); }
.articleCode { overflow-x: auto; margin: 32px 0; padding: 24px; border: 1px solid rgba(133, 216, 226, 0.18); background: #07171c; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(190, 241, 246, 0.035); color: #d6edf0; font: 0.9rem/1.65 ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace; }
.articleCode .codeTokenComment { color: #718f94; font-style: italic; }
.articleCode .codeTokenKeyword { color: #c9a8f4; }
.articleCode .codeTokenLiteral,
.articleCode .codeTokenNumber { color: #efbd8d; }
.articleCode .codeTokenString { color: #a9dca8; }
.articleCode .codeTokenVariable { color: #8dd9e8; }
.articleCode .codeTokenFunction { color: #e8dba0; }
.articleCode .codeTokenOperator { color: #c4b2eb; }
.articleCode .codeTokenName { color: #d6e8ea; }

.researchCopyright {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding-top: 80px;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(238, 241, 241, 0.68);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(0.65rem, 0.7vw, 0.75rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.72);
}

.articleBottomField {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: calc(-1 * var(--research-content-left));
  width: 100vw;
  height: clamp(260px, 25vw, 390px);
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: transparent;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.articleBottomFieldCanvas {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  opacity: 0;
}

.articleBottomField.is-ready .articleBottomFieldCanvas { opacity: 0.96; }

html[data-theme="white"] .articleBottomField {
  background: transparent;
}

html[data-theme="white"] .articleBottomFieldCanvas {
  mix-blend-mode: normal;
  filter: none;
}

html[data-theme="white"] .articleBottomField.is-ready .articleBottomFieldCanvas { opacity: 0; }

.articleBottomField + .researchCopyright {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

@media (min-width: 1660px) {
  .articleBottomField { left: calc(50% - 50vw); }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 1100px) and (min-width: 761px) {
  .researchHero {
    min-height: 320px;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.94fr) minmax(360px, 1.06fr);
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .researchSignalField {
    width: calc(100% + 24px);
    height: 286px;
    margin-right: -24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .articleBottomField {
    left: calc(50% - 50vw);
    height: 220px;
  }

  .articleBottomField.is-ready .articleBottomFieldCanvas {
    opacity: 1;
    filter: brightness(1.48) saturate(1.08);
  }
}

@media print {
  .articleBottomField { display: none; }
}

.researchArticlePage .researchCopyright {
  padding-top: var(--article-footer-top-space);
}

@media (min-width: 1660px) {
  .researchShell,
  .articleShell {
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
  }

  .researchIndexBackdrop {
    left: calc((100vw - 1180px) / -2);
  }

  .articleLayout::before {
    left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  }

  .articleLayout::after {
    left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  }
}

/* Article masthead: editorial title column with thumbnail and deck alongside. */
@media screen {
  .articleHeader {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.36fr) minmax(360px, 0.86fr);
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: clamp(52px, 5.5vw, 84px);
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
  }

  .articleHeaderCopy {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
    min-height: clamp(360px, 27vw, 420px);
  }

  .articleHeader h1 {
    max-width: 760px;
    font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 6vw, 5.6rem);
  }

  .articleHeaderCopy .researchAuthor {
    margin-top: clamp(32px, 3vw, 44px);
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 34px);
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 520px;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .articleHeaderThumbnail {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(69, 174, 197, 0.08);
    object-fit: cover;
    filter: none;
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck {
    max-width: 520px;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck[data-deck-density="short"] {
    font-size: clamp(1.18rem, 1.8vw, 1.45rem);
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck[data-deck-density="normal"] {
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.62vw, 1.35rem);
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck[data-deck-density="long"] {
    font-size: clamp(1.04rem, 1.38vw, 1.24rem);
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck[data-deck-density="dense"] {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 1.13rem);
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck[data-deck-density="very-long"] {
    font-size: clamp(0.96rem, 1.06vw, 1.05rem);
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 1100px) {
  .articleHeader {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 48px;
  }

  .articleHeaderCopy {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .articleHeaderCopy .researchAuthor {
    margin-top: 24px;
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
  }

  .articleHeaderMedia .articleDeck {
    max-width: none;
  }

  .articleHeader h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 8vw, 5rem);
  }
}

@media screen {
  .articleHeader h1[data-title-density="long"] {
    font-size: clamp(2.65rem, 5.15vw, 4.85rem);
  }

  .articleHeader h1[data-title-density="dense"] {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4.45vw, 4.2rem);
  }

  .articleHeader h1[data-title-density="very-long"] {
    font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 3.8vw, 3.6rem);
  }
}

@media (min-width: 761px) and (max-width: 1050px) {
  .researchArticlePage .siteHeader {
    right: 24px;
    left: 24px;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .primaryNav {
    left: 35%;
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .topActions {
    right: 24px;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .languageToggle {
    width: 64px;
    height: 36px;
    font-size: 0.62rem;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .languageToggle::before {
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .languageToggle[aria-checked="true"]::before {
    transform: translateX(28px);
  }

  .researchArticlePage .researchThemeToggle {
    --theme-thumb-shift: 49px;
    --theme-thumb-width: 49px;
    width: 104px;
    height: 36px;
    font-size: 0.58rem;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .researchThemeToggle::before {
    height: 30px;
  }

  .researchArticlePage .partnershipCta {
    width: 150px;
    min-height: 36px;
    padding: 0 16px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 761px) and (max-width: 900px) {
  .researchArticlePage .brandText {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media print {
  .articleHeaderMedia {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .researchPage .siteHeader { position: absolute; }
  .researchArticlePage::before,
  .readingHeaderBackdrop { height: 130px; }
  .researchToggleGroup { align-self: flex-start; }
  .researchThemeToggle {
    --theme-thumb-shift: 49px;
    --theme-thumb-width: 49px;
    width: 104px;
    height: 36px;
    font-size: 0.58rem;
  }
  .researchThemeToggle::before { height: 30px; }
  .menu-open .readingTopActions { display: none; }
  .reading-menu-open .readingTopActions { display: flex; }
  .reading-menu-open .readingMenuToggle span:first-child { top: 15px; transform: rotate(45deg); }
  .reading-menu-open .readingMenuToggle span:last-child { top: 15px; transform: rotate(-45deg); }
  .researchIndexBackdrop { top: -138px; left: -24px; height: calc(100% + 138px); }
  .researchIndexBackdrop::after {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 39% 44%, rgba(205, 73, 77, 0.05), transparent 35%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 63% 44%, rgba(70, 184, 214, 0.062), transparent 38%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 44%, transparent 12%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.08) 50%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.42) 100%),
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.58) 0%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.14) 42%, transparent 78%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.14) 0%, transparent 40%, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.72) 82%, #020609 100%);
  }
  .researchShell, .articleShell { width: auto; margin-right: 24px; margin-left: 24px; padding-top: 138px; }
  .articleGeometryCanvas { top: 86px; right: -54vw; left: auto; width: 150vw; height: 660px; opacity: 0; }
  .research-animation-ready .articleGeometryCanvas { opacity: 0.52; }
  .articleBarParticleCanvas { top: 112px; right: -46vw; width: 94vw; height: 560px; }
  .research-critical-ready .articleBarParticleCanvas.particleFrameReady { opacity: 0.24; }
  .articleHeader h1 { max-width: 100%; }
  .articleHeader .researchAuthor {
    display: grid;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 420px;
    grid-template-columns: 18px minmax(0, 1fr) max-content;
    gap: 7px;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .articleHeader .researchAuthor img {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    margin-right: 3px;
  }
  .articleHeader .researchAuthor > span {
    min-width: 0;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  .articleHeader .researchAuthor time {
    font-size: 0.71rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .articleHeader .researchAuthor time::before { display: none; }
  .researchHero {
    display: block;
    min-height: 220px;
    isolation: isolate;
    padding-bottom: 28px;
  }
  .researchHero > .researchHeroCopy { z-index: 2; }
  .researchHero > .researchSignalField {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 0;
    inset: -18px -24px 0;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0;
    -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 104% 96% at 76% 50%, #000 28%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.78) 60%, transparent 100%);
    mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 104% 96% at 76% 50%, #000 28%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.78) 60%, transparent 100%);
  }
  .research-critical-ready .researchSignalFieldCanvas.particleFrameReady { opacity: 0.46; }
  .featuredResearch { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .featuredMetaMobile {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 28px 0 18px;
    color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.68);
  }
  .featuredCopy > .researchMeta { display: none; }
  .featuredVisual { min-height: 0; }
  .featuredVisual::after { background: linear-gradient(0deg, #020609 0%, transparent 55%); }
  .featuredCopy { padding: 30px 0 42px; }
  .researchIndex { margin-top: 62px; }
  .researchItem { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; padding: 30px 0; }
  .researchItem .researchMeta:last-child { text-align: left; }
  .researchCopyright { font-size: 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em; }
  .articleBreadcrumbs { margin-bottom: 52px; }
  .articleMeta { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
  .articleRule { margin: 48px 0 0; }
  .articleBody h2,
  .articleBody h3 { scroll-margin-top: 112px; }
  .articleLayout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin-right: -24px; margin-left: -24px; padding-right: 24px; padding-left: 32px; }
  .articleLayout::before,
  .articleLayout::after { left: 0; width: 100vw; }
  .articleToc { display: none; }
  .articleSocialFollow { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
  .articleSocialLinks { width: 100%; }
  .articleSocialLink { flex: 1 1 0; }
  .researchSocialFollow { margin-top: 48px; }
}

@media print {
  @page {
    size: A4 portrait;
    margin: 14mm 15mm 17mm;
    background: #0d1215;

    @bottom-right {
      color: rgba(222, 233, 235, 0.56);
      font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
      font-size: 6.5pt;
      font-weight: 500;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      content: "© 2026 Infinide Indonesia";
    }
  }

  @page:first {
    @bottom-right {
      content: "";
    }
  }

  html,
  body,
  .researchPage,
  .articleShell,
  .articleLayout {
    background: #0d1215 !important;
  }

  html,
  body {
    width: auto;
    min-height: 100%;
    overflow: visible !important;
  }

  body {
    margin: 0;
    color: #edf2f3;
    -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
    print-color-adjust: exact;
  }

  .researchPage {
    min-height: 0;
    opacity: 1 !important;
  }

  .researchPage::before,
  .researchPage .siteHeader,
  .researchPage .topActions,
  .readingProgress,
  .articleGeometryCanvas,
  .articleBarParticleCanvas,
  .articleBreadcrumbs,
  .articleRule,
  .articleSocialFollow {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .articleShell {
    width: auto;
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .articleHeader {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    min-height: 250mm;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 27mm 18mm 23mm;
    border: 0.35mm solid rgba(137, 201, 216, 0.22);
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 94% 9%, rgba(105, 202, 221, 0.18), transparent 42mm),
      radial-gradient(circle at 4% 96%, rgba(210, 68, 69, 0.13), transparent 49mm),
      linear-gradient(145deg, #111a1f 0%, #080e12 62%, #05090c 100%);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 28mm rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
    break-after: page;
    page-break-after: always;
  }

  .articleHeader::before {
    position: absolute;
    top: 17mm;
    left: 18mm;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    height: 14mm;
    padding: 0 0 0 15.5mm;
    background: url("/static/images/infinity-mark.svg") left center / 14mm auto no-repeat;
    color: #f1f5f6;
    font-family: "D-DIN", Arial, sans-serif;
    font-size: 12.5pt;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 0.84;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    white-space: pre-line;
    content: "Infinide\A Indonesia";
  }

  .articleHeader::after {
    position: absolute;
    right: 18mm;
    bottom: 14mm;
    width: 45mm;
    height: 0.55mm;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d65354 0 34%, #eff3f4 49% 58%, #75c7d9 72% 100%);
    content: "";
  }

  .articleHeader h1 {
    max-width: 160mm;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 31pt;
    line-height: 0.98;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }

  .articleDeck {
    max-width: 148mm;
    margin-top: 8mm;
    color: rgba(234, 241, 243, 0.78);
    font-size: 13pt;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  .articleHeader .researchAuthor {
    margin-top: 10mm;
    color: rgba(235, 242, 243, 0.74);
    font-size: 8pt;
  }

  .articleHeader .researchAuthor img {
    width: 6mm;
    height: 6mm;
  }

  .articleHeader .researchAuthor time {
    font-size: 0;
  }

  .articleHeader .researchAuthor time::after {
    font-size: 8pt;
    content: "AUGUST 2026";
  }

  html[lang="id"] .articleHeader .researchAuthor time::after {
    content: "AGUSTUS 2026";
  }

  .articleLayout {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .articleLayout::before,
  .articleLayout::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleToc {
    position: relative;
    top: auto !important;
    display: block;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-height: 250mm;
    max-height: none !important;
    overflow: visible;
    padding: 20mm 17mm;
    border: 0.35mm solid rgba(137, 201, 216, 0.18);
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 96% 8%, rgba(95, 188, 210, 0.1), transparent 44mm),
      linear-gradient(155deg, #11171b, #090d10 74%);
    break-after: page;
    page-break-after: always;
  }

  .articleToc p {
    margin-bottom: 12mm;
    color: #eef3f4;
    font-size: 10pt;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  }

  .articleToc .articleTocTitle {
    font-size: 13pt;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }

  .articleToc a,
  .articleToc a.articleTocSubsection,
  .articleToc a.articleTocTertiary {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 2.35mm 0 2.35mm 6mm;
    border-bottom: 0.2mm solid rgba(159, 209, 220, 0.09);
    color: rgba(232, 239, 241, 0.76);
    font-size: 9pt;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  .articleToc a.articleTocSubsection {
    padding-left: 12mm;
    color: rgba(224, 234, 236, 0.58);
    font-size: 8.25pt;
  }

  .articleToc a.articleTocTertiary {
    padding-left: 17mm;
    color: rgba(224, 234, 236, 0.5);
    font-size: 7.75pt;
  }

  .articleToc a::before {
    top: 2.35mm;
    bottom: 2.35mm;
    left: 0;
    background: #d95654;
  }

  .articleToc a.articleTocSubsection::before {
    left: 6mm;
    opacity: 0.45;
  }

  .articleToc a.articleTocTertiary::before {
    left: 11mm;
    opacity: 0.34;
  }

  .articleToc a::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleContentColumn {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .articleSummary {
    margin: 0 0 7mm;
    padding: 7mm 8mm 6.5mm;
    border-width: 0.3mm;
    border-radius: 5mm;
    box-shadow: none;
    break-inside: avoid-page;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .articleSummaryLabel {
    margin-bottom: 5mm;
    font-size: 8pt;
  }

  .articleSummaryLabel img {
    width: 9mm;
    height: 4.5mm;
  }

  .articleSummary ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 6mm;
    color: rgba(237, 241, 242, 0.86);
    font-size: 9.5pt;
  }

  .articleSummary li + li {
    margin-top: 2.2mm;
  }

  .articleBody {
    width: 100%;
    padding-top: 5mm;
    color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.86);
    font-size: 9.6pt;
    line-height: 1.54;
    letter-spacing: -0.004em;
  }

  .articleBody p {
    margin: 0 0 3.5mm;
    orphans: 3;
    widows: 3;
  }

  .articleBody ul,
  .articleBody ol {
    margin-bottom: 5mm;
    padding-left: 6mm;
  }

  .articleBody li + li {
    margin-top: 2mm;
  }

  .articleBody h2 {
    margin: 8mm 0 3mm;
    padding-top: 0;
    background: none;
    color: #f2f4f5;
    font-size: 12.5pt;
    line-height: 1.25;
    break-inside: avoid-page;
    break-after: avoid-page;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }

  .articleBody h2::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleBody h3 {
    margin: 6mm 0 2.5mm;
    color: rgba(240, 243, 244, 0.9);
    font-size: 10.5pt;
    line-height: 1.3;
    break-after: avoid-page;
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }

  .articleBody a,
  .articleBody a:visited {
    color: #aee3ed;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(174, 227, 237, 0.48);
  }

  .articleBody code {
    border-color: rgba(220, 237, 240, 0.18);
    background: rgba(226, 241, 244, 0.1);
    color: #d9f1f5;
  }

  .articleFigure {
    width: 88%;
    margin: 7mm auto 9mm;
    break-inside: avoid-page;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .articleFigure:has(.articleFigureMediaDiagram) {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .articleFigure:has(img[data-src$=".gif"]) {
    width: 78%;
  }

  .articleFigureMedia {
    width: 100%;
    border-color: rgba(151, 216, 229, 0.16);
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .articleFigureMedia::before,
  .articleFigureMedia::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleFigure img,
  .articleFigure img.researchMediaReady {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 142mm;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    object-fit: contain;
    filter: none;
  }

  .articleFigure figcaption {
    max-width: 92%;
    margin: 2.5mm auto 0;
    padding-left: 0;
    color: rgba(231, 238, 240, 0.62);
    font-size: 7.8pt;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .articleFigure figcaption::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleAuthorNote {
    grid-template-columns: 18mm minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4mm;
    margin: 10mm 0 5mm;
    padding: 4mm 1mm 4mm 6mm;
    font-size: 8.5pt;
    break-inside: avoid-page;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .articleAuthorNoteAvatar {
    width: 18mm;
    height: 18mm;
  }

  .articleAuthorNoteName {
    margin-bottom: 1.5mm !important;
    font-size: 9.5pt;
  }

  .articleAuthorNote + .articleAiDisclaimer {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .articleAiDisclaimer {
    margin-top: 10mm;
    padding: 6mm 7mm;
    border-width: 0.3mm;
    border-radius: 4mm;
    background: #12191d;
    box-shadow: none;
    color: rgba(237, 238, 240, 0.75);
    font-size: 8.5pt;
    break-inside: avoid-page;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .articleAiDisclaimerLabel {
    font-size: 7.5pt;
  }

  .articleAiDisclaimerLabel::before {
    background: #75c7d9;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .researchCopyright {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Optimistic dark palette experiment. Keep this block isolated for easy comparison. */
@media screen {
  .researchLibraryBody:not(.researchIndexPage) {
    background: #030a0e;
  }

  .articleHeader h1 {
    color: #fbfdfd;
  }

  .articleDeck {
    color: rgba(222, 231, 233, 0.76);
  }

  .articleKicker {
    color: #f16467;
  }

  .articleBreadcrumbs {
    color: rgba(116, 207, 224, 0.94);
  }

  .articleBreadcrumbs a:hover,
  .articleBreadcrumbs a:focus-visible {
    color: #f7fbfc;
  }

  .researchArticlePage {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 64% 58% at 98% 10%, rgba(48, 181, 211, 0.2) 0%, rgba(20, 96, 127, 0.09) 48%, transparent 74%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 52% at 76% -12%, rgba(35, 99, 158, 0.18) 0%, rgba(17, 57, 96, 0.08) 48%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 36% 34% at 76% 28%, rgba(50, 151, 178, 0.055) 0%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 36% 34% at 34% 8%, rgba(43, 111, 137, 0.025), transparent 78%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, #061219 0, #031016 34rem, #081b22 100%);
  }

  .articleLayout::before {
    background: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(14, 18, 21, 0) 0,
      rgba(14, 18, 21, 0.34) 112px,
      rgba(14, 18, 21, 0.76) 232px,
      #0e1215 360px,
      #0e1215 calc(100% - 300px),
      #0b171c calc(100% - 150px),
      #081b22 100%
    );
  }

  .researchArticlePage::before {
    height: 140px;
    background: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.98) 0%,
      rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.9) 30%,
      rgba(4, 14, 19, 0.72) 58%,
      rgba(6, 21, 27, 0.38) 78%,
      rgba(6, 21, 27, 0) 100%
    );
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .articleRule {
    background: rgba(160, 222, 233, 0.26);
  }

  .articleAiDisclaimer,
  .articleSocialFollow {
    border-color: rgba(146, 216, 229, 0.21);
  }

  .researchArticlePage .researchCopyright {
    color: rgba(238, 244, 245, 0.76);
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 760px) {
  .researchArticlePage::before {
    height: 110px;
  }
}

/* Research article continuity experiment: carry the index rhythm into long-form reading. */
@media screen {
  .researchArticlePage {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 58% 34rem at 2% 15rem, rgba(2, 6, 9, 0.2), transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(72vw, 560px) 38rem at 96% 7rem, rgba(61, 188, 216, 0.23), rgba(24, 108, 140, 0.1) 50%, transparent 78%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(46vw, 340px) 24rem at 58% -4rem, rgba(43, 112, 175, 0.11), transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(58vw, 460px) 30rem at 96% 49rem, rgba(38, 145, 174, 0.11), rgba(18, 74, 98, 0.045) 52%, transparent 78%),
      linear-gradient(
        180deg,
        #091920 0,
        #041219 48rem,
        #020609 92rem,
        #020609 100%
      );
  }

  .articleShell {
    max-width: 1180px;
  }

  .articleHeader {
    max-width: 1180px;
  }

  .articleRule {
    margin-top: 68px;
  }

  .articleLayout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 700px) minmax(260px, 300px);
    column-gap: clamp(56px, 5vw, 88px);
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: clamp(64px, 5vw, 80px) 0 40px;
  }

  .articleLayout::before,
  .articleLayout::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .articleToc {
    padding: 4px 0 28px;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 760px) {
  .articleLayout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 56px 0 28px;
  }

  .articleSummary {
    padding: 32px 24px 28px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 82% 46% at -8% -6%, rgba(69, 170, 218, 0.48), transparent 66%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 88% 50% at 108% 106%, rgba(69, 165, 211, 0.5), transparent 68%),
      linear-gradient(145deg, #101a27 0%, #05090d 48%, #101c30 100%);
  }

  .articleSummaryLabel { margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 16px; }

  .articleSummary li {
    grid-template-columns: 30px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 14px 0;
  }
}

@media screen and (min-width: 761px) and (max-width: 1220px) {
  .articleLayout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 700px);
  }

  .articleToc {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Lead desktop article layouts with reading navigation on the left. */
@media screen and (min-width: 1221px) {
  .articleLayout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 300px) minmax(0, 700px);
    justify-content: start;
  }

  .articleToc {
    grid-column: 1;
  }

  .articleContentColumn {
    grid-column: 2;
  }
}

/* Four-point mesh shared by the dark research index and article masthead. */
@media screen {
  .researchIndexPage .researchPage {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #020609 0%, #021016 48%, #020609 100%);
  }

  .researchIndexPage .researchPage::before {
    inset: -10%;
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 48% 50% at 91% 8%, rgba(47, 157, 207, 0.4) 0%, rgba(16, 75, 127, 0.19) 43%, transparent 74%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 46% 46% at 91% 58%, rgba(52, 195, 219, 0.08) 0%, rgba(18, 100, 143, 0.025) 44%, transparent 75%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 44% 31% at 53% 90%, rgba(203, 241, 245, 0.21) 0%, rgba(75, 178, 199, 0.11) 34%, transparent 72%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 42% 36% at 9% 88%, rgba(24, 83, 148, 0.42) 0%, rgba(9, 41, 87, 0.2) 44%, transparent 76%);
    opacity: 1;
    filter: blur(18px);
  }

  .researchIndexPage .researchPage::after {
    background:
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 2, 4, 0.88) 0%, rgba(0, 2, 4, 0.58) 27%, rgba(0, 2, 4, 0.08) 55%, transparent 82%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 2, 4, 0.22) 0%, transparent 28%, transparent 68%, rgba(0, 2, 4, 0.58) 92%, #020609 100%);
  }

  .researchArticlePage {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(58vw, 520px) 31rem at 96% 8rem, rgba(50, 188, 217, 0.29) 0%, rgba(20, 101, 137, 0.12) 48%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(42vw, 380px) 24rem at 61% -3rem, rgba(42, 105, 170, 0.2) 0%, rgba(17, 57, 99, 0.08) 48%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(42vw, 390px) 25rem at 8% 29rem, rgba(23, 81, 145, 0.2) 0%, rgba(8, 37, 80, 0.08) 46%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(52vw, 470px) 27rem at 91% 51rem, rgba(59, 190, 213, 0.14) 0%, rgba(20, 87, 112, 0.055) 50%, transparent 78%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, #06141b 0%, #031016 38rem, #020609 78rem, #020609 100%);
  }
}

/* Article-only editorial light theme, persisted locally. */
@media screen {
  html[data-theme="white"],
  html[data-theme="white"] body,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchLibraryBody {
    background: #f4f7f6 !important;
    color: #172024;
    color-scheme: light;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchPage,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchIndexPage .researchPage,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchArticlePage {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 72% 50% at 96% 3%, rgba(82, 196, 222, 0.2), transparent 70%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 42% 30% at 54% -4%, rgba(202, 69, 72, 0.065), transparent 76%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fbfa 0%, #edf5f4 38rem, #f4f7f6 76rem, #f4f7f6 100%);
  }

  /* Keep the light article masthead dimensional without carrying color into long-form reading. */
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchArticlePage {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(62vw, 520px) 30rem at 96% 5rem, rgba(34, 183, 216, 0.42) 0%, rgba(93, 200, 220, 0.2) 42%, transparent 74%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(44vw, 380px) 22rem at 58% -3rem, rgba(83, 134, 207, 0.34) 0%, rgba(141, 176, 220, 0.15) 48%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(42vw, 360px) 24rem at 4% 22rem, rgba(74, 190, 169, 0.08) 0%, rgba(139, 215, 199, 0.03) 46%, transparent 76%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse max(50vw, 430px) 26rem at 90% 48rem, rgba(79, 162, 210, 0.24) 0%, rgba(137, 202, 220, 0.1) 50%, transparent 78%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, #f5fafb 0%, #e7f2f3 38rem, #f4f7f6 76rem, #f4f7f6 100%);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchPage .previewBanner {
    border-bottom-color: rgba(10, 26, 31, 0.18);
    background:
      linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(2, 9, 13, 0.72), rgba(2, 9, 13, 0.72)),
      linear-gradient(90deg, #d75054 0%, #6bcdda 100%);
    color: rgba(250, 252, 252, 0.94);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchIndexPage .researchPage::before {
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse 54% 48% at 92% 12%, rgba(67, 183, 212, 0.15), transparent 74%);
    mix-blend-mode: multiply;
    opacity: 0.58;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchIndexPage .researchPage::after {
    background:
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(248, 251, 250, 0.94) 0%, rgba(248, 251, 250, 0.7) 30%, rgba(248, 251, 250, 0.08) 58%, transparent 100%),
      linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248, 251, 250, 0.25) 0%, transparent 58%, rgba(244, 247, 246, 0.9) 94%, #f4f7f6 100%);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchSquareParticleCanvas {
    filter: brightness(0.7) saturate(1.08) contrast(1.08);
    mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"].research-critical-ready .researchSquareParticleCanvas.particleFrameReady {
    opacity: 0.62;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .brandHome,
  html[data-theme="white"] .brandText,
  html[data-theme="white"] .primaryNav a {
    color: #10181c;
    text-shadow: none;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .brandMark {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
    content: url("/static/images/favicon.svg");
    filter: none;
    object-fit: contain;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .brandHome:focus-visible,
  html[data-theme="white"] .primaryNav a:focus-visible {
    outline-color: rgba(25, 64, 75, 0.58);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .languageToggle {
    background: rgba(16, 29, 34, 0.1);
    color: rgba(16, 29, 34, 0.62);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(16, 29, 34, 0.08);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .languageToggle::before {
    background: #172126;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(28, 51, 59, 0.2);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .languageToggle[aria-checked="false"] span:first-child,
  html[data-theme="white"] .languageToggle[aria-checked="true"] span:last-child {
    color: #f8fbfa;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .languageToggle:hover {
    background: rgba(16, 29, 34, 0.15);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchThemeToggle {
    background: rgba(16, 24, 28, 0.1);
    color: rgba(16, 24, 28, 0.62);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchThemeToggle:hover {
    background: rgba(16, 24, 28, 0.16);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .partnershipCta,
  html[data-theme="white"] .partnershipCta:hover,
  html[data-theme="white"] .partnershipCta:focus-visible {
    border-color: #172126;
    background: #172126;
    color: #f8fbfa;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchHero h1,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleHeader h1,
  html[data-theme="white"] .featuredCopy h2,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchItem h2,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchIndexHeader h2 {
    color: #11191d;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchLead,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleDeck {
    color: rgba(24, 35, 40, 0.72);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .featuredResearch,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchIndexHeader {
    border-color: rgba(29, 71, 82, 0.2);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchItem {
    border-color: rgba(29, 71, 82, 0.13);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .featuredCopy p,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchItem p,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchAuthor,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchItemPlaceholder {
    color: rgba(28, 39, 44, 0.67);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .readResearch,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchMeta {
    color: #175d70;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchAuthor > :last-child::before {
    color: rgba(28, 39, 44, 0.28);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchPlaceholderThumbnail {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e6eeec, #f7f9f8);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBreadcrumbs,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleKicker {
    color: #24778c;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleRule {
    background: rgba(27, 67, 78, 0.2);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody {
    color: #222a2e;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody::before {
    background: rgba(27, 67, 78, 0.2);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody h1,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody h2,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody h3 {
    color: #10181c;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody a,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody a:visited {
    color: #14667a;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(20, 102, 122, 0.34);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody a:hover,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody a:focus-visible {
    color: #0a3f4c;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(10, 63, 76, 0.72);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody li::marker,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummary li::before {
    color: #287e91;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleBody code,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummary code {
    border-color: rgba(30, 75, 86, 0.15);
    background: rgba(32, 83, 96, 0.08);
    color: #164e5b;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummary {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 76% 64% at -6% -12%, rgba(94, 205, 228, 0.2), transparent 68%),
      linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96), rgba(229, 241, 241, 0.95));
    box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(35, 76, 85, 0.1), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(47, 112, 126, 0.1);
    color: #1c272c;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummaryLabel {
    border-color: rgba(38, 91, 103, 0.16);
    color: #12232a;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummaryLabel img {
    filter: brightness(0.25) saturate(1.1);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSummary li {
    border-color: rgba(38, 91, 103, 0.12);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc p,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a.articleTocTertiary {
    color: rgba(24, 35, 40, 0.62);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc .articleTocTitle,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a:hover,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a:focus-visible,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a[aria-current="location"] {
    color: #11191d;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleToc a::after {
    border-color: rgba(42, 103, 117, 0.1);
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(73, 169, 191, 0.1), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2));
    box-shadow: 0 5px 18px rgba(43, 83, 91, 0.06);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleFigureMedia,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleFigure img {
    border-color: rgba(37, 92, 104, 0.13);
    background: #e8eeed;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleFigure figcaption,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleEmbed figcaption {
    color: rgba(31, 43, 48, 0.62);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAuthorNote,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAuthorNoteCopy {
    color: rgba(31, 43, 48, 0.66);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAuthorNoteName {
    color: #11191d;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAiDisclaimer,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialFollow {
    border-color: rgba(45, 100, 112, 0.14);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(41, 75, 82, 0.09);
    color: rgba(29, 41, 46, 0.72);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAiDisclaimer {
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 0 100%, rgba(117, 158, 204, 0.12), transparent 42%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(62, 181, 207, 0.24), transparent 50%),
      linear-gradient(138deg, #f2f8f8 0%, #dceef1 56%, #eef5f4 100%);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialFollow {
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 100% 100%, rgba(62, 180, 205, 0.23), transparent 45%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 0 0, rgba(109, 153, 205, 0.15), transparent 42%),
      linear-gradient(138deg, #edf6f7 0%, #d7ebef 54%, #f0f6f5 100%);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleAiDisclaimerLabel,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialFollowLabel {
    color: #18313a;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialLink,
  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialLink:visited {
    border-color: rgba(28, 67, 77, 0.18);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    color: #172126;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .articleSocialLink img {
    filter: invert(1);
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchCopyright,
  html[data-theme="white"] .researchArticlePage .researchCopyright {
    color: rgba(25, 37, 42, 0.56);
    text-shadow: none;
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .researchArticlePage::before {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(244, 247, 246, 0.98), rgba(244, 247, 246, 0.86) 44%, rgba(244, 247, 246, 0));
  }

  html[data-theme="white"] .readingSiteHeader,
  html[data-theme="white"] .readingTopActions {
    color: #10181c;
  }

  @media (max-width: 760px) {
    .researchArticlePage .brandMark,
    html[data-theme="white"] .brandMark {
      width: 40px;
      height: 40px;
    }

    html[data-theme="white"] .menuToggle {
      color: #10181c;
    }

    html[data-theme="white"] .topActions,
    html[data-theme="white"] .readingTopActions {
      border-color: rgba(16, 29, 34, 0.16);
      background: rgba(248, 251, 250, 0.97);
      box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(27, 48, 55, 0.18);
    }
  }
}